Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale and is also very diverse, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly. This book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology, including nanotransporters for anticancer drug delivery; nanotechnologies for biomedical metallic materials; environmental contaminants detection and remediation using nanoparticles; two- and three-dimensional structure design of counter electrode based on carbon nanotube/graphene in dye-sensitized solar cells; clathrate hydrates and nano particles; nanoparticles formation via low pressure spray pyrolysis: physical fundamentals and puzzles; examination of non-agglomerated nanodiamonds inside aluminum matrix composites by synchrotron radiation; and fabrication of advanced nanosensors and their applications.