Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Manufacturing Research incorporating the 32nd N. The urgent need to keep pace with the accelerating globalization of manufacturing in the 21st century has produced rapid advances in manufacturing research, development and innovation.This book presents the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Manufacturing Research ICMR 2017, which also incorporated the 32nd National Conference on Manufacturing Research NCMR and was held at the University of Greenwich, London, UK, in September 2017. The conference brings together a broad community of researchers who share the