This volume contains eight chapters that detail advances in engineering research. In Chapter One the author presents a novel Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based multiscale homogenization method for thin plate structures featuring periodic micro-structures. Chapter Two commences the foundation for research and development in the field of medical image segmentation, including commonly used datasets, preprocessing, and performance evaluation indicators and it stresses the significance of comparative studies and benchmark datasets to ensure equitable performance assessment and comparison across various methodologies. In Chapter Three the authors review a collection of experiments performed in real retail stores using state-off-the shelf off-the-shelf antennas and our proposal of spring-based helical antenna. In Chapter Four, a novel asymmetrical multiprocessor architecture for embedded control systems is presented, inherently supporting temporal determinism and the problem-oriented concept of time. A numerical analysis of the internal flow in a nozzle with secondary jet injection is given in chapter five to improve the current understanding and modelling capabilities of the complex flow characteristics encountered in thrust vectoring control systems. Chapter Six investigates a novel engine cycle called the six-stroke GCI (6S-GCI) engine cycle that operates by combining the conventional four-stroke GCI engine cycle with the six-stroke compression ignition cycle not only to extend the GCI engine operability but also to improve GCI combustion and emission performance. Chapter Seven presents a series of practical studies to discern the application of the response surface methodology (RSM) for increasing the efficiency and performance of diverse turbine systems. In the last chapter, the advantages and limitations of various strategies used in microbial fermentation optimization are discussed.