This volume is a compilation of papers that were presented at the Symposium 4A: 'Advanced Structural Materials' of the XXIII International Materials Research Congress, organized in collaboration with MRS, which was held from August 17–21, 2014 in Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The symposium was devoted to fundamental and technological applications of structural materials, and continued the tradition of providing a forum for scientists from various backgrounds with a common interest in the development and use of structural materials to come together and share their findings and expertise. The 'Advanced Structural Materials' symposium has been held for the last 20 years with the objective of presenting overviews and recent investigations related to advanced structural metallic, ceramic, composite, and concrete materials along with their industrial applications. The topics include innovative processing, phase transformations, mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, modeling, and the relationship between processing, microstructure and mechanical behavior.