Adaptive Learning Environments (ALEs) can be viewed as theintersection of two traditionally distinct areas ofresearch: instructional science and computer science. Theyencompass intelligent tutoring systems, interactive learningenvironments, and situated learning environments. There isincreasing interest in effective instructional systems fromeducation, industry, military and government sectors. Givenrecent advances in hardware architecture and reduction ofhardware costs, the time is right to define the next stepsin research and development of ALEs.This book is an outgrowth of the presentations anddiscussions that took place at the NATO Advanced StudyInstitute held at the University of Calgary in July 1990. Itcontains chapters from both researchers in instructionalscience and researchers in computer science on the followingtopics:- Systems and architectures for instruction- Representing curriculum and designing instructional tasks- Environments to support learning- Diagnosing students' learning and adjusting plans forinstruction- Models of students' metacognition, motivation and learningstrategies- Student-system interactions.The book containsintroductions/critiques of each pair ofchapters, and a final chapter discusses the synthesis ofinstructional science and computer science.