Living organisms have to constantly change their body to adjust its behaviors and functions to adapt to the constantly changing environment. This continuous interaction between the organism and the environment is called adaptation. The brain is the command center of the nervous system. It receives information from the environment through the sensory organs and sends signals to the muscles and other parts of the body. Emotional and behavioral adaptations require the involvement of the entire brain. The feature of the brain which helps humans learn and adapt to their surroundings and situations is called plasticity. This book unravels the recent studies in adaptation and brain function. The topics covered herein are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.