Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterised by ischaemic damage to heart muscle tissue following thrombosis or vasospasm over an atherosclerotic plaque, and is responsible for 12 million deaths worldwide. Most deaths occur within the first few hours of symptoms, which worsen over time. Stem cell therapy has been used in patients with significant loss of heart function as a result of myocardial infarction, highlighting the advantage of using these cells in the treatment of infarcted patients, showing the relevance of this technique in improving the patient's prognosis. This book aims to provide a literature review of myocardial infarction and cell therapy used as a treatment method for this disease.