This newly revised legal commentary on sections 397 to 432 of the German Civil Code (BGB) analyses recent developments in the adjudication of debt forgiveness, assignment, assignment for security, extended retention of title, assumption of debt, and cases in which there is a plurality of debtors or creditors. Rigorously argued yet solution oriented, the commentary focuses with regard to last issue on the doctrinal foundations of joint and several liability and its relationship to the settlement of various claims that involve a plurality of debtors. The volume also provides a detailed overview of how debtor and creditor pluralities are handled by legal systems outside Germany.