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Making the Nonprofit Sector in the United States – A Reader

Autor David C. Hammack
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 22 iun 2000
Unique among nations, America conducts almost all of its formally organised religious activity, and many cultural, arts, human service, educational, and research activities through private non-profit organisations. Though partially funded by government, as well as by fees and donations, American non-profits have pursued their missions with considerable independence. Many have amassed remarkable resources and acquired some of the most impressive hospital, university, performing arts, and museum facilities in the world. While some have amassed large endowments, many that surpass one billion dollars, there are also hundreds of thousands of small non-profits, most with no tangible resources at all.
How did the United States come to rely so heavily on non-profits? Why has it continued to do so? What purposes do Americans seek to advance through non-profits? How have Americans sought to control them? How have non-profits been effected by the growth of government in the twentieth century? These questions suggest the complexity of the history of non-profits in the United States. To help explore that history, this reader presents some of the classic documents in the development of the non-profit sector along with important interpretations by recent scholars. The selections can be considered a representative part of a single extended conversation by the men and women who have taken part in the effort to define America and the American dream, even as they shaped what we now call the non-profit sector. The statements by participants in the growth and development of the non-profit sector are accompanied by essays written by historians and social scientists that provide concise surveys of important issues and periods. The essays give voice to those whose contributions to the American debate about voluntary associations and private institutions would otherwise be difficult to find or comprehend.
The selections can be considered a representative part of a single extended conversation by the men and women who have taken part in the effort to define America and the American dream, even as they shaped what we now call the non-profit sector. The statements by participants in the growth and development of the non-profit sector are accompanied by essays written by historians and social scientists that provide concise surveys of important issues and periods. The essays give voice to those whose contributions to the American debate about voluntary associations and private institutions would otherwise be difficult to find or comprehend.
Each selection has been chosen to define or illuminate important questions in the development of the non-profit sector in the United States. Many include criticisms of particular non-profit efforts, or of non-profit activity in general. The intention is to provoke thought, not to establish an official list of readings. Though not every point of view could be included, the reader does reflect a general understanding of the nature of the non-profit sector and its significance in the development of the United States.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780253214102
ISBN-10: 0253214106
Pagini: 504
Dimensiuni: 158 x 234 x 31 mm
Greutate: 0.72 kg
Editura: MH – Indiana University Press

Cuprins

Introduction: The Growth of the Nonprofit Sector in the United States
I. British and Colonial Patterns
One. Colonial Theory: Established Churches
1. The Statute of Charitable Uses, 1601
2. The Elizabethan Poor Law, 1601
3. Brother Juan deEscalona, Report to the Viceroy of Mexico on Conditions at Santa Fe, 1601
4. John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity, 1630
5. Virginia General Assembly, Laws Regulating Conduct and Religion, 1642
6. Hugh Peter and Thomas Weld, New England's First Fruits, 1643
7. Claude Jean Allouz, S.J., Account of the Ceremony Proclaiming New France, 1671
Two. Colonial Reality: Religious Diversity
8. Inhabitants of Flushing, Long Island, Remonstrance against the Law against Quakers, 1657
9. Roger Greene, Virginia's Cure, 1662
10. William Penn, The Great Case of Liberty of Conscience, 1670
11. Cotton Mather, Bonifacius: Essays to Do Good, 1710
12. William Livingston, Argument against Anglican Control of King's College (Columbia),1753
13. Charles Woodmason, Journal of the Carolina Backcountry, 1767-68
14. Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography: Recollections of Institution-Building, 1771-84
II. The American Revolution: Sources of the Nonprofit Sector
Three. To the Constitution: Limited Government and Disestablishment
15. John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, Cato's Letters: Arguments against a Strong Central Government, 1720
16. Isaac Backus, Argument against Taxes for Religious Purposes in Massachusetts, 1774
17. Thomas Jefferson, Virginia Act Establishing Religious Freedom, 1786
18. James Madison, The Federalist, No. 10, 1787
19. The Constitution of the United States, excerpts, 1789, and The First and Tenth Amendments, 1791
Four. Voluntarism under the Constitution
20. Lyman Beecher, Autobiographical Statement on the 1818 Disestablishment of the “Standing Order” in Connecticut, 1864
21. The Dartmouth College Case: Daniel Webster, Argument before the U.S. Supreme Court, 1818; Chief Justice John Marshall, Decision, and Joseph Story, Concurring Opinion, 1819
22. Alexis de Tocqueville, Political Associations in the United States, 1835, and Of the Use Which Americans Make of Public Associations in Civil Society, 1840
III. Uses of Nonprofit Organizations
Five. Varieties of Religious Nonprofits
23. Organized Activity among Slaves: Henry Bibb, The Supression of Religion among Slaves, 1849, and Daniel A. Payne, Account of Slave Preachers, 1839
24. Robert Baird, The Voluntary Principle in American Christianity, 1844
25. Peter Dobkin Hall, Institutions, Autonomy, and National Networks, 1982
26. Jay P. Dolan, Social Catholicism, 1975
27. Arthur A. Goren, The Jewish Tradition of Community, 1970Six. Nonprofit Organizations as Alternative Power Structures
28. Suzanne Lebsock, Women Together: Organizations in Antebellum Petersburg, Virginia, 1984
29. Kathleen D. McCarthy, Parallel Power Structures: Women and the Voluntary Sphere, 1990
30. W.E.B. DuBois, Cooperation Among Negro Americans, 1907
IV. Nonprofit Structures for the Twentieth Century
Seven. Science, Professionalism, Foundations, Federations31. Debate Over Government Subsidies: Amos G. Warner, Argument against Public Subsidies to American Charities, 1908 and Everett P. Wheeler, The Unofficial Government of Cities, 1900
32. David Rosner, Business at the Bedside: Health Care in Brooklyn, 1890-1915, 1979
33. Frederick T. Gates, Address on the Tenth Anniversary of the Rockefeller Institute, 1911
34. David C. Hammack, Community Foundations: The Delicate Question of Purpose, 1989
35. John R. Seeley et al., Community Chest, 1957
36. David L. Sills, The March of Dimes: Origins and Prospects, 1957
Eight. Federal Regulation and Federal Funds
37. Pierce v. Society of the Sisters: William D. Guthrie and Bernard Hershkopf, Brief for Private Schools, and Justice McReynolds, Decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1925
38. Debate over a Nonprofit Organization in Mississippi: Senator John Stennis and Attorney Marian Wright, Testimony on the Child Development Group of Mississippi and the Head Start Program, 1967
39. The Filer Commission, The Third Sector, 1974
40. Steven Rathgeb Smith and Michael Lipsky, The Political Economy of Nonprofit Revenues, 1993
41. Rust v. Sullivan: Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, 1991
Index

Recenzii

“This is a volume that everyone concerned about nonprofits--scholar, practitioner, and citizen--will find useful and illuminating.” --ARNOVA News

“What David C. Hammack conveys most vividly in his new book is how deeply the roots of the nonprofit sector are intertwined with this nation's earliest history and with its most fundamental political principles.” --Museum News

“A remarkable book.”--Robert Putnam, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University


Notă biografică

DAVID C. HAMMACK is Hiram C. Haydn Professor of History and Chair of the Committee on Educational Programs of the Mandel Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Case Western Reserve University. Previously he taught in the City University of New York and at Princeton University. Hammack has held a Guggenheim Fellowship and was a Resident Fellow at the Russell Sage Foundation. His research has also been supported by grants from the American Council of Learned Societies and the Aspen Institute Nonprofit Sector Research Fund. He is the author of Power and Society: Greater New York at the Turn of the Century and Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907-1972, and editor with Dennis Young, of Nonprofit Organizations in Market Economy.

Descriere

The classic documents and scholarly interpretations of the history of American nonprofits.