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Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants: Asia and the Pacific

Autor Christophe Wiart
en Limba Engleză Hardback – sep 2006
In 1860, Oliver Wendell Holmes pointedly expressed himself to the Massachusetts Medical Society: “I firmly believe that if the whole Material Medica, as now used, could be sunk to the bottom of the sea, it would be all the better for mankind, and all the worst for the fishes.” Should one think the same about the current approach in drug discovery from plants? Probably yes. Despite the spending of billions of US dollars, and three decades of efforts, high-throughput screenings have only allowed the discovery of a couple of drugs. One could have reasonably expected the discovery of an arsenal of drugs from the millions of plant extracts randomly tested, but “hits” can be inactive in vitro or too toxic, some molecules need to be metabolized first to be active, and false-positive and false-negative results are common. The bitter truth is that the robotic approach in discovering drugs from plants has proven, to date, its inability to excavate the hundreds of molecules that will contribute to the health progress of Man. However, one can reasonably see that the last patches of primary rainforest on earth hold still hundreds of spectacularly active drugs that await discovery.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781588297488
ISBN-10: 1588297489
Pagini: 228
Ilustrații: XII, 228 p. 322 illus.
Dimensiuni: 178 x 254 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.77 kg
Ediția:2007
Editura: Humana Press Inc.
Colecția Humana
Locul publicării:Totowa, NJ, United States

Public țintă

Research

Descriere

In 1860, Oliver Wendell Holmes pointedly expressed himself to the Massachusetts Medical Society: “I firmly believe that if the whole Material Medica, as now used, could be sunk to the bottom of the sea, it would be all the better for mankind, and all the worst for the fishes.” Should one think the same about the current approach in drug discovery from plants? Probably yes. Despite the spending of billions of US dollars, and three decades of efforts, high-throughput screenings have only allowed the discovery of a couple of drugs. One could have reasonably expected the discovery of an arsenal of drugs from the millions of plant extracts randomly tested, but “hits” can be inactive in vitro or too toxic, some molecules need to be metabolized first to be active, and false-positive and false-negative results are common. The bitter truth is that the robotic approach in discovering drugs from plants has proven, to date, its inability to excavate the hundreds of molecules that will contribute to the health progress of Man. However, one can reasonably see that the last patches of primary rainforest on earth hold still hundreds of spectacularly active drugs that await discovery.

Cuprins

1. Anti-Inflammatory Plants

1.1. General Concept

1.2. Inhibitors of Phospholipase A2

Medicinal Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia indica L.
Aristolochia kaempferi Willd.
Aristolochia recurvilabra Hance
Thottea grandiflora Rottb.

Medicinal Myristicaceae
Horsfieldia amygdalinia (Wall.) Warb.
Horsfieldia valida (Miq.) Warb.

Medicinal Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera japonica Thunb.
Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Bl.
Weigela floribunda (Sieb. & Zucc.) K. Koch.

Medicinal Asteraceae
Cirsium japonicum DC
Crossotephium chinense L.

1.3. Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase

Medicinal Apocynaceae
Trachelospermum asiaticum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Nak.

Medicinal Clusiaceae
Garcinia atroviridis Griff.

Medicinal Asteraceae
Chrysanthemum sinense Sab.

Medicinal Polygonaceae
Polygonum amphibium L.

Medicinal Lamiaceae
Ocimum basilicum L.
Glechoma brevituba Kuprian

1.4. Inhibitors of Lipoxygenases

Medicinal Myrsinaceae
Ardisia villosa Roxb.

Medicinal Clusiaceae
Hypericum erectum Thunb.

Medicinal Asteraceae

Medicinal Apiaceae
Bupleurum chinense DC

1.5. Inhibitors of Elastase

Medicinal Asteraceae
Sigesbeckia orientalis L.
Sigesbeckia glabrescens Mak
Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L. Robinson

Medicinal Droseraceae
Drosera rotundifolia L.

1.6. Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Synthetase

Medicinal Asteraceae
Inula chinensis Rupr. ex Maxim.
Carpesium divaricatum Sieb. et Zucc

Medicinal Lauraceae
Neolitsea zeylanica Nees (Merr.) (Tetradenia
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.
Litsea odorifera Val.

Medicinal Solanaceae
Physalis alkekengi L.

1.7. Conclusion and Future Prospects

1.8. References

2. Plant Affecting the Central Nervous System

2.1. General Concept

2.2. Plants Affecting the Serotoninergic Neurotransmission

Medicinal Annonaceae
Fissistigma lanuginosum (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Merr.
Cyathostemma micranthum (A. DC.) J. Sinclair.

Medicinal Myristicaceae
Horsfieldia glabra (Bl.) Warb.

Medicinal Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl.
Ipomoea digitata L.
Ipomoea indica Merr.

Medicinal Apocynaceae
Ervatamia pandacaqui (Poir.) Pichon
Ervatamia corymbosa (Roxb.) King & Gamble

Medicinal Zygophyllaceae
Tribulus terrestris L.

Medicinal Polygalaceae
Polygala tenuifolia
Polygala japonica Houtt.
Polygala glomerata Lour.

Medicinal Rubiaceae
Psychotria adenophylla Wall.
Rubia cordifolia L.
Uncaria rhynchophylla Miq.

2.3. Plants Affecting the GABAergic Neurotransmission

Medicinal Valerianaceae
Nardostachys chinensis L.
Nardostachys jatamansi DC.
Patrinia scabiosaefolia Link

Medicinal lamiaceae
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Leonotis nepetifolia R.Br

Medicinal Asteraceae
Artemisia stelleriana Bess.

Medicinal Orchidaceae
Gastrodia elata Bl.
Acriopsis javanica Reinw.
Bulbophyllum vaginatum Reich. f.
Calanthe triplicata (Villem.) Ames
Calanthe vestita Lindl.
Dendrobium crumenatum Sw.

2.4. Plants Interfering with the Glycinergic System

Medicinal Loganiaceae
Strychnos ignatii Berg.
Strychnos minor Dennst.
Strychnos axillaris Colebr.

Medicinal Apocynaceae

2.5. Plants Affecting the Dopaminergic Neurotransmission

Medicinal Araliaceae
Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Sm.
Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Merr.
Acanthopanax ricinifolius Seeman

Medicinal Verbenaceae
Vitex negundo L.
Vitex trifolia L
Vitex quinata (Lour.) F.N. Will.
Vitex vestita Wallich ex Schauer

Medicinal Sapindaceae
Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.) Bl.
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq.

Medicinal Celastraceae
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f

Medicinal Lauraceae
Cassytha filiformis L.
Cryptocarya griffithiana Wight

Medicinal Ranunculaceae
Aconitum fischeri Reichb
Coptis teeta Wall.
Cimicifuga foetida L.

Medicinal Menispermaceae
Stephania cepharantha Hayata

2.6. Conclusion and Future Prospect

2.7. References

3. Plants for Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Diseases

3.1. General Concept

3.2. Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Medicinal Annonaceae
Artabotrys suaveolens Bl.
Fissistigma fulgens (Hk. f. et Th.) Merr.
Friesodielsia latifolia Hk. f. et Th.

Medicinal Lauraceae
Persea thunbergii (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kosterm.
Lindera tzumu Hemsl.
Cassytha filiformis L.

Medicinal Hernandiaceae
Illigera luzonensis L.

Medicinal Ebenaceae
Diospyros sumatrana Miq.
Diospyros toposioides King & Gamble

Medicinal Rubiaceae
Prismatomeris albiflora Thaw, non King
Knoxia valerianoide Thorel
Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn.
Neonauclea pallida (Reinw. ex Havil.) Bakh f.
Morinda officinalis How

Medicinal Rutaceae
Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc.
Zanthoxylum bungei Planch.
Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.
Zanthoxylum schinifolium Zieb. & Zucc.

Medicinal Euphorbiaceae
Alchornea villosa (Benth.) Muell. - Arg.
Alchornea rugosa (Lour.) Muell. Arg
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels
Macaranga triloba (Reinw.) Muell.-Arg.

Medicinal Hamamelidaceae
Altingia excelsa Noronha

Medicinal Lamiaceae
Salvia plebeia R.Br.
Salvia japonica Thunb.Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

3.3. Apoptosis

Medicinal Annonaceae
Goniothalamus species
Pseudouvaria setosa (King) J. Sinclair

Medicinal Asteraceae
Elephantopus mollis Kunth
Blumea riparia (Bl.) DC.
Spilanthes paniculata Wall. ex DC
Lactuca indica L.

3.4. Summary and Future Prospects

3.5. References

Recenzii

From the reviews:
"This book contains brief descriptions and evaluations of some active ingredients and the medicinal uses of about 100 plants found in Asia … . The stated purpose is to show the rich source of potential drugs in the estimated 6,000 plant species in Asia … . This objective is met … . A unique feature of the book is the emphasis on similar chemicals found in some plant families … . Adequate references to the scientific literature are given for each plant." (Stata Norton, Doody’s Book Review Service, January, 2007)
"This book presents several aspects of the pharmacology, chemistry, botany and folkloric use of selected medicinal plants that can be found in Asia and the Pacific. It is generously illustrated with line drawings for many of the plants under discussion, as well as examples of chemical structures. … The book is organized into three chapters … . This book should be of interest to academic, industrial or government scientists with an interest in the potential of the regional flora for drug discovery." (James Graham, Phytomedicine, Vol. 15, 2008)

Caracteristici

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras