Dark Matter of the Mind: The Culturally Articulated Unconscious
Autor Daniel L. Everetten Limba Engleză Hardback – 16 dec 2016
Is
it
in
our
nature
to
be
altruistic,
or
evil,
to
make
art,
use
tools,
or
create
language?
Is
it
in
our
nature
to
think
in
any
particular
way?
For
Daniel
L.
Everett,
the
answer
is
a
resounding
no:
it
isn’t
in
our
nature
to
do
any
of
these
things
because
human
nature
does
not
exist—at
least
not
as
we
usually
think
of
it.
Flying
in
the
face
of
major
trends
in
Evolutionary
Psychology
and
related
fields,
he
offers
a
provocative
and
compelling
argument
in
this
book
that
the
only
thing
humans
are
hardwired
for
is
freedom:
freedom
from
evolutionary
instinct
and
freedom
to
adapt
to
a
variety
of
environmental
and
cultural
contexts.
Everett sketches a blank-slate picture of human cognition that focuses not on what is in the mind but, rather, what the mind is in—namely, culture. He draws on years of field research among the Amazonian people of the Pirahã in order to carefully scrutinize various theories of cognitive instinct, including Noam Chomsky’s foundational concept of universal grammar, Freud’s notions of unconscious forces, Adolf Bastian’s psychic unity of mankind, and works on massive modularity by evolutionary psychologists such as Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, Jerry Fodor, and Steven Pinker. Illuminating unique characteristics of the Pirahã language, he demonstrates just how differently various cultures can make us think and how vital culture is to our cognitive flexibility. Outlining the ways culture and individual psychology operate symbiotically, he posits a Buddhist-like conception of the cultural self as a set of experiences united by various apperceptions, episodic memories, ranked values, knowledge structures, and social roles—and not, in any shape or form, biological instinct.
The result is fascinating portrait of the “dark matter of the mind,” one that shows that our greatest evolutionary adaptation is adaptability itself.
Everett sketches a blank-slate picture of human cognition that focuses not on what is in the mind but, rather, what the mind is in—namely, culture. He draws on years of field research among the Amazonian people of the Pirahã in order to carefully scrutinize various theories of cognitive instinct, including Noam Chomsky’s foundational concept of universal grammar, Freud’s notions of unconscious forces, Adolf Bastian’s psychic unity of mankind, and works on massive modularity by evolutionary psychologists such as Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, Jerry Fodor, and Steven Pinker. Illuminating unique characteristics of the Pirahã language, he demonstrates just how differently various cultures can make us think and how vital culture is to our cognitive flexibility. Outlining the ways culture and individual psychology operate symbiotically, he posits a Buddhist-like conception of the cultural self as a set of experiences united by various apperceptions, episodic memories, ranked values, knowledge structures, and social roles—and not, in any shape or form, biological instinct.
The result is fascinating portrait of the “dark matter of the mind,” one that shows that our greatest evolutionary adaptation is adaptability itself.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780226070766
ISBN-10: 022607076X
Pagini: 400
Ilustrații: 6 halftones, 18 line drawings, 2 tables
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 36 mm
Greutate: 0.7 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press
ISBN-10: 022607076X
Pagini: 400
Ilustrații: 6 halftones, 18 line drawings, 2 tables
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 36 mm
Greutate: 0.7 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press
Notă biografică
Daniel
L.
Everettis
the
Dean
of
Arts
and
Sciences
at
Bentley
University
in
Waltham,
Massachusetts.
He
is
the
author
of
many
books,
includingDon’t
Sleep,
There
Are
Snakes;Language:
The
Cultural
Tool;
andLinguistic
Fieldwork:
A
Student
Guide.
His
life
and
work
is
also
the
subject
of
a
documentary
film,The
Grammar
of
Happiness.
Cuprins
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part 1 Dark Matter and Culture
1 The Nature and Pedigree of Dark Matter
2 The Ranked-Value Theory of Culture
3 The Ontogenesis and Construction of Dark Matter
4 Dark Matter as Hermeneutics
Part 2 Dark Matter and Language
5 The Presupposed Dark Matter of Texts
6 The Dark Matter of Grammar
7 Gestures, Culture, and Homesigns
8 Dark Matter Confrontations in Translation
Part 3 Implications
9 Beyond Instincts
10 Beyond Human Nature
Conclusion
Notes
References
Index
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part 1 Dark Matter and Culture
1 The Nature and Pedigree of Dark Matter
2 The Ranked-Value Theory of Culture
3 The Ontogenesis and Construction of Dark Matter
4 Dark Matter as Hermeneutics
Part 2 Dark Matter and Language
5 The Presupposed Dark Matter of Texts
6 The Dark Matter of Grammar
7 Gestures, Culture, and Homesigns
8 Dark Matter Confrontations in Translation
Part 3 Implications
9 Beyond Instincts
10 Beyond Human Nature
Conclusion
Notes
References
Index
Recenzii
"Everett
takes
us
through
the
history
of
philosophy
to
show
variations
on
those
two
themes
as
elaborated
by
the
famous
philosophers
of
the
Western
intellectual
tradition,
ending
with
his
basically
Aristotelian
view,
in
contrast
to
the
Chomskyan
theory
of
innate
structures
and
universal
grammar.
In
the
process,
he
challenges
Freud’s
theory
of
the
unconscious,
Jung’s
archetypes,
Bastien’s
psychic
unity
of
man,
Joseph
Campbell’s
monomyth,
and
other
variations
on
that
theme. .
.
.
What
he
says
about
this
broad
and
multifaceted
scope
of
human
behavior
is
interesting
and
informative,
and
can
be
profitably
read
by
anthropologists
in
all
four
fields
of
the
discipline."
"Everett
begins
by
offering
a
fascinating
argument:
the
only
source
of
human
learning
is
the
individual—not
in
the
mind,
not
in
the
brain,
not
in
societies.
Further,
most
of
this
learning
is
transmitted
through
“culturally
articulated
dark
matter,”
which
he
defines
as
“any
knowledge
… that
is
unspoken
in
normal
circumstances,
usually
unarticulated
even
to
ourselves.”
From
this,
Everett
lays
out
his
thesis
in
three
parts:
the
human
unconscious
may
be
classified
into
“the
unspoken
and
the
ineffable”;
this
unconscious
is
influenced
by
the
interaction
of
human
perception
and
“a
ranked-value,
linguistic-based
model
of
culture”;
and
that
“learning
as
cultural
beings”
affects
human
thought
and
identity.
Everett
argues
for
and
develops
his
thesis
and
its
consequences
in
the
remainder
of
the
book.
He
makes
a
strong
argument
and
brings
in
a
wide-range
of
interesting
anthropological
case
studies
along
the
way. Recommended."
“A
hit
and
the
biggest
wallop
in
the
breadbasket
Noam
Chomsky’s
hegemony
had
ever
suffered.”